Sunday, November 6, 2011

Diabetes

> Diabetes mellitus is a condition characterized by high levels of glucose or sugar levels.
In normal circumstances, the various foods used in the body with the help of insulin, which is necessary so that the cells get the energy they need. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas. Diabetes mellitus caused by insufficient secretion of insulin from the pancreas or reduced effectiveness of insulin produced. In this condition, the sugar that the body gets from food remains in the blood does not enter the cells. For this reason, is in high concentrations in the blood.

The most common symptoms are:
• increased thirst
• fatigue
• intense hunger
• Weight Loss
• blurred vision

Types of diabetes:
• Diabetes mellitus type 1
• Diabetes mellitus type 2
Gestational diabetes
• The latent autoimmune diabetes of adults
• The secondary diabetes, as a consequence of other diseases, and after taking certain medicines

The majority of diabetics are in one of two types:
a) Diabetes mellitus type 1, in which the pancreas does not produce any insulin. Normally occurs in children and young adults. All patients with type 1 diabetes, require insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels.

b) Type 2 diabetes, in which the pancreas produces insulin while, but not as much needed by the body or the insulin does not function effectively. Occurs more often in adults or overweight people. The emergence of type 2 diabetes has received the internationally epidemic. Deal with a healthy diet, exercise and later with the addition of ant diabetic tablets in the treatment. At some point we would need added insulin.

Risk Factors of diabetes, As for type 1 diabetes there are no known least risk factors.
In contrast, in type 2 diabetes, risk factors and are the following:
• Age> = 45 years.
• Increased body weight (body mass index> = 25 kgr/m2).
• Genetic predisposition (1st degree relatives with diabetes mellitus type 2).
• Sedentary.
• Hypertension (AP> = 140/90 mm / Hg).
• Elevated triglycerides (> = 250mg/dl).
• Low levels of HDL-cholesterol (<= 35 mg / dl). • History of vascular disease. Complications of diabetes:
Diabetes mellitus can affect the heart, eyes, kidneys, nerves and feet.

Diabetes Treatment and therapy:
• Implement special diet.
• Reduction of body weight.
• Increase physical activity.
• Stop smoking.
• Individualized patient education by health care professionals based on their needs.
• Systematic application of self-control, in terms of body weight and blood sugar, fasting and 2 hours after meal.
• Periodic review by a cardiologist, ophthalmologist and perform various tests.

Diabetes Prevention:
• Measurement of blood sugar in adults every three years and every 2 years in obese people
• Proper nutrition:
-Avoid refined carbohydrates sugar, white flour, and sweetened drinks.
-Recruitment carbohydrates found in rice, cereals, legumes and most fruits degrade slowly and thus maintain a fixed ratio of sugar.
• Maintain normal weight
• Regular physical exercise

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